Know Before You Go

The most common way for international travelers to get to Egypt is by air. Cairo International Airport (CAI) is the primary international gateway, serving numerous airlines from around the world. Other significant airports include those in Alexandria, Luxor, Sharm El Sheikh, and Hurghada. If you're in neighboring countries, there are also road and sea options, but flying remains the most efficient and popular choice.

For those looking to non-rev, I wish there was a magic formula I could share. It is just a matter of finding the route with the best availability. Due to the pandemic, airlines continue to adjust their routes and frequencies, and changes are the norm. As people begin to travel more, I have noticed a lack of availability when flying stand-by to Egypt. Clients in the past have been successful at non-reving and others have opted for full fare tickets, especially when flying with family members.

Convenient connecting cities are FRA, CDG, DOH, IST, FCO, LHR and ATH. Many decide to non-rev from the US to Europe, and then purchase a confirmed ticket for their final leg to Cairo. 

Please note, travel insurance will not cover any situations arising from non-rev travel, so plan accordingly. 

While I understand this adds a small fee to your total trip, it is done for your protection and peace of mind. I have sourced an outstanding company, which covers both COVID-19 related issues as well as pre-existing conditions. You are free to use another company as well. Trust me when I tell you that having travel insurance will give you peace of mind against any unforeseen circumstances. 

Your tour includes a “Meet & Greet” service upon arrival at the airport. Each of you will be individually met at the airport and escorted through immigration and customs by our representative. The representative will also take care of processing your entry visa. It is a seamless process, and you have absolutely nothing to worry about. As you step off the aircraft you will proceed to a health check, where your temperature is taken, and your PCR or Vaccine records will be checked. Once you pass this filter, you will see a representative with a THINKCAIRO sign. This is your escort who will guide you the rest of the way, until reaching your hotel.

Cairo is a city with a population of more than 20 million. As any big city, it has its share of problems, including traffic, pollution and congestion. However, crime is not on the top of this list. Cairo may seem intimidating, but it is actually quite safe. Police presence is noticeable everywhere, shops and cafés are open late, and the streets are never deserted. Locals are approachable and extremely eager to help tourists.

A great tip, no matter where you travel, is to always be alert, follow your instinct and take care of your valuables.

 Egyptian Arabic is the official language in Egypt. English is widely spoken throughout, especially in tourist areas and major cities.

The BEST way to get around whilst in Cairo is UBER. It is extremely inexpensive, reliable and most of all it is safe. 

Walking is another amazing way to discover this enchanting city. Please be extremely careful when crossing busy streets, as there are few pedestrian crossings. One trick I learned is to shield yourself with a local, watch them carefully and cross the street when they are crossing. 

Egypt is an Islamic country and, although not illegal, the sale and consumption of alcohol are regulated by the government. Hotel bars and restaurants have licenses to serve alcohol, and some restaurants/bars in the city as well. Should you want to purchase alcohol, a chain of stores called “Drinkies” offers a great selection of spirits, beer and wine. All alcoholic beverages sold in Egypt are produced locally. If there is a specific brand you must have- I suggest purchasing it at Duty Free either in your departure city, connecting city or even upon arrival in Cairo. Cairo airport has duty free shops available for those arriving into the country- outside of customs.

This highly depends on your spending habits. You will need money for meals not included in the itinerary, gratuities, shopping and other incidentals. Cairo can be as expensive or as inexpensive as you want it to be, although it is a relatively cheap country to dine and shop.

You can use ATMs or exchange USD or EUR to local currency at the many "currency exchange offices" at the airport or near your hotel.  If you are planning to withdraw funds at an ATM, please call your bank and set a travel alert as well as make sure what fees are involved when withdrawing money abroad.  Credit and debit cards are widely accepted in fine restaurants, stores and hotels.  However, more informal shops and dining options only accept cash.  Please plan accordingly.  I would say 20-30 USD per day should be more than enough to meet all your needs.

Yes, due to cultural and religious differences, some customs may be different than what you may be accustomed to.

1. Most women in Egypt behave conservatively with strangers.

2. Normal contact between couples is quite acceptable, but intimate actions in public (such as kissing and fondling) may irritate most passers-by.

3. Mosques require visitors to remove their shoes before entering.

4. Use the right hand to eat or give gifts.

5. It is inappropriate to discuss religion with Egyptians, especially from an atheistic point of view. Please be respectful as religion is a big part of daily life.

6. Avoid taking photos of government buildings, military installations or abandoned colonial buildings, as you will encounter some issues with the guards. 

Egypt is a conservative society that condemns homosexuality. Although not a crime, homosexual acts are, and can be punishable with prison terms and/or deportation.

Discretion is vital and public displays of affection should be avoided by both LGBT and heterosexual couples. Top end hotels will have no problem with a same-sex couple or "friends" staying in the same room, but it is preferable to always maintain a low profile and be discreet so staff members do not raise any eyebrows. Please refrain from discussing LGBT issues with locals, and practice caution during your stay in Egypt. Thousands of LGBT visitors travel around Egypt every year and have no issues. Remember to maintain an understanding of cultural sensitivity regarding the issue. Please use common sense and your best judgment. 

Whilst your hesitation is understandable, rest assured you will encounter no issues during your stay, as long as you use your best judgement.

The use of dating apps whilst in Egypt is strongly discouraged.

Generally, Egypt has a desert climate, although the Mediterranean coastal areas enjoy a moderate temperature. May- October are considered the hot season, and cooler temperatures are experienced from October – May. Even during the warmest months, nights in Cairo tend to be cooler, which gives you a nice break from the heat.

NO, definitely not, and I encourage you to go out and enjoy the city’s culture and energy. This is your holiday and enjoy every minute of it. Explore this amazing city which offers so much excitement. The hotel is centrally located, with very easy access to some really cool neighbourhoods. 

Tipping 10–15% of your bill total is customary at cafes and restaurants, and loose change is acceptable for food purchases from street vendors and markets.

Often known as 'backsheesh' , tipping is standard practice in Egypt.   If you’re happy with the service provided by waiters, drivers and other workers, leaving a small tip is a good way to show your appreciation. For smaller purchases, rounding up the bill or not asking for any change is an appropriate way of leaving a tip. If you are at a restaurant or hotel, check if a 10%-12% service charge has already been added, and think about tipping a little extra for the wait staff who will likely not receive any of this charge. 

You should also tip drivers and tour guides, as well as other service staff who look after you on a day-to-day basis. The exact amount will differ depending on the level and length of service, but as a general rule of thumb, consider tipping a driver EGP 80-100 (4-5 USD) and a tour guide EGP 200-250 (10-12 USD) for a full day on top of the base costs. You could tip as you go, or leave a lump sum when you say goodbye to your guide. It is not customary to tip taxi drivers, but you can round up your fare if the ride was particularly good.

While it may not be customary to you, tipping is of great importance to the people who take care of you during your travels. 

Carrying small notes in the local currency will make tipping easier in Egypt.

Pharmacies are usually open 24 hours and sell most items including antibiotics without the need for a prescription.

Prescription medications from home are best left in their original container, showing doctor's prescription information.  Certain controlled substances are not allowed in Egypt, for a full detail of these restrictions please click on the following link;

https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/43125/Prohibited-medicine-drugs-at-Cairo-Airport

All passengers traveling to Egypt (including Egyptians) must be in possession of a vaccination certificate or a negative PCR, Antigen Rapid Test, or ID NOW test result for COVID-19 with Quick Response (QR) code, taken at a maximum of 72 hours before their flight departure time. 

The Government of Egypt will allow travellers to enter with proof of a WHO-approved COVID-19 vaccination.  The vaccination certificate must have a valid QR code or be certified from the Egyptian embassy/consulate at the country of departure. 

The vaccine received must be approved by the WHO and the Egyptian Drug Authority, and you must have received the second dose for vaccinations requiring two doses or the first dose for vaccinations requiring only one dose at least 14 days prior to entering Egypt. 

The following COVID-19 vaccines are accepted to travel to Egypt: AstraZeneca (Vaxzevria), Janssen, Moderna (Spikevax), Pfizer-BioNTech (Comirnaty), Sinopharm, Sinovac, and Sputnik V. 

1. Modest Clothing: In general, it's advisable to wear clothing that covers the shoulders, cleavage, and knees. Loose-fitting cotton clothes are ideal because of the heat.
   
   • Tops: Consider packing blouses or T-shirts that have short or long sleeves. Avoid spaghetti straps or very low-cut necklines.
   • Bottoms: Long skirts, capris, or pants are preferable. While shorts are acceptable in resort areas, longer garments are more appropriate elsewhere.
   • Dresses: Maxi dresses are both stylish and modest.

1. Headscarf: Even if you don’t wear it regularly, it's good to have one on hand especially when visiting religious sites.
2. Swimwear: If you're staying at a resort or hotel with a pool, or you plan to visit the Red Sea, pack a swimsuit. At beaches and resort pools, regular Western swimwear is acceptable.
3. Comfortable Footwear: Sandals and comfortable walking shoes are a must, especially if you're planning on sightseeing.
4. Sunglasses and Hat: Protect yourself from the sun.
5. Undergarments: Consider moisture-wicking or breathable types due to the heat.
6. Evening wear: If you're planning on fine dining or attending special events, pack a semi-formal outfit.
7. Light Jacket or Cardigan: For cooler evenings or air-conditioned places.

1. Casual Wear: Loose cotton shirts, polo shirts, or T-shirts are recommended. It’s best to avoid sleeveless shirts when not at the beach or pool.
2. Pants/Shorts: Lightweight cotton pants are great. While shorts are accepted, especially in resort areas, pants might be more appropriate when visiting religious or rural areas.
3. Swimwear: For hotel pools or beaches along the Red Sea.
4. Comfortable Footwear: Comfortable walking shoes or sandals.
5. Sunglasses and Hat: To shield from the sun.
6. Evening wear: Consider packing a semi-formal outfit if you're thinking of dining out or attending special events.
7. Light Jacket or Sweater: For the cooler evenings.

1. Sunscreen: The Egyptian sun can be intense.
2. Personal Medications and Toiletries: While you can find most things in Egypt, it’s always good to have your preferred brands on hand.
3. Adapter and Voltage Converter: Egypt uses the European-style two-pin round plug. The standard voltage is 220V.
4. Travel Pillow and Earplugs: Useful for long journeys or if you're a light sleeper.
5. Hand Sanitizer and Wet Wipes: Can come in handy, especially when traveling through crowded places or if you're planning to try street food.
6. Reusable Water Bottle: To stay hydrated. Remember to fill it with bottled water.
7. Daypack: For day trips and excursions.

Remember, while it's essential to respect local customs, you'll also find areas, especially tourist hubs, where the dress code is more relaxed. Always prioritize comfort, especially if you're traveling during Egypt's hotter months.

Egyptian cuisine is a delightful blend of Mediterranean and Middle Eastern flavors. It's characterized by its use of fresh ingredients, a variety of spices, and rich flavors. Here's a more detailed look at the food landscape in Egypt:

1. Ful Medames: A staple in the Egyptian diet, this dish consists of fava beans cooked with oil and salt, often garnished with lemon, garlic, and cumin. It's commonly eaten for breakfast and can be found throughout the country.
2. Koshary: A popular and hearty dish, koshary mixes rice, pasta, lentils, chickpeas, fried onions, and a spicy tomato sauce. It's served with side toppings like garlic juice or vinegar.
3. Molokhia: A green soup made from finely chopped jute leaves, it's cooked with garlic and coriander and typically served with rice or bread and chicken or rabbit.
4. Ta’meya (Falafel): Unlike its chickpea counterpart in other parts of the Middle East, Egyptian falafel is made from fava beans and is usually deep-fried to perfection.
5. Mahshi: Vegetables (like bell peppers, tomatoes, or zucchini) or vine leaves stuffed with a flavorful mixture of rice, herbs, and spices, sometimes with minced meat.
6. Sayadiya: A coastal dish, primarily from Alexandria, it's made from white fish served with rice and a spiced caramelized onion sauce.

1. Aish Baladi: Egyptian flatbread that's slightly coarse and is a staple with most meals.
2. Feteer: A flaky layered pastry often stuffed with a variety of ingredients, from sweet (honey, nuts) to savory (cheese, minced meat).

1. Baklava: Thin layers of phyllo pastry filled with nuts and sweetened with honey.
2. Basbousa: A sweet semolina cake soaked in simple syrup, often topped with almonds.
3. Om Ali: A delicious warm dessert made from layers of bread, milk, nuts, and raisins.
4. Rice Pudding: Creamy and flavored with vanilla, often sprinkled with cinnamon.

1. Tea: The national drink, often enjoyed black and sweetened, sometimes brewed with fresh mint.
2. Qahwa (Coffee): Traditional Arabic coffee, which is often strong and flavored with cardamom.
3. Sugarcane Juice: A refreshing drink, especially popular in the summer months.
4. Sobia: A coconut and rice drink flavored with sugar and cinnamon, typically sold during the month of Ramadan.

1. Shawarma: Thin slices of marinated meat (often beef or chicken) wrapped in bread with garlic sauce, tahini, and vegetables.
2. Hawawshi: Egyptian-style meat pie, where spiced meat is stuffed inside aish baladi and then baked.

When trying Egyptian food, it's essential to venture into both restaurants and street food stalls to get a comprehensive taste of the country's diverse culinary offerings. Whether you're a fan of meat, a vegetarian, or have a sweet tooth, Egyptian cuisine has something to offer for every palate. Always ensure you're eating from clean and reputable places, especially when trying street food.

• General Businesses: 9 AM - 5 PM, Sunday to Thursday.
• Banks: 8:30 AM - 2 PM, Sunday to Thursday.
• Tourist Attractions: Usually 9 AM - 5 PM, some with extended hours.
• Restaurants: Often open from noon to midnight or later.
• Pharmacies: Generally 9 AM - 10 PM, with some operating 24/7.

No, women are not legally required to wear a hijab in Egypt. However, Egypt is a predominantly Muslim country, and many local women do wear the hijab as a reflection of their religious and cultural beliefs. 

For female tourists, it is not mandatory to wear a hijab, but dressing modestly is advised, especially when visiting religious sites or rural areas. Modesty in this context usually means wearing clothes that cover the shoulders, cleavage, and knees. 

When visiting mosques or other religious landmarks, women might be required to cover their hair. It's a good idea to always carry a scarf or shawl in your bag for such occasions. Being sensitive to local customs and dressing modestly not only shows respect but can also help avoid unwanted attention.

Yes, especially in bazaars and markets. Bargaining is a cultural norm, and it's expected for many non-fixed-price items. Start by offering about half the asking price and negotiate from there.

Time Zone

Egypt operates on Eastern European Time (EET), which is UTC +2. Egypt does not observe Daylight Saving Time.

Voltage

The standard voltage in Egypt is 220V, and the frequency is 50Hz.

Electrical Outlets

Egypt primarily uses Type C and Type F outlets, which are the round-pin varieties. If your devices have a different type of plug, consider bringing a universal adapter.

WIfi Availability

Yes, many hotels, restaurants, and cafes, especially in tourist areas, offer free Wi-Fi. However, the speed and reliability can vary. If you need a constant internet connection, consider purchasing a local SIM card with a data plan.

Mobile Networks

Egypt has a good mobile network coverage, with the main providers being Vodafone, Orange, and Etisalat. In major cities and tourist areas, 4G is widely available. For extended stays, it might be cost-effective to buy a local SIM card.

Tap Water

It's generally recommended for tourists to avoid drinking tap water in Egypt. While it's treated and is technically safe, the difference in mineral content from what you might be used to can upset your stomach. Bottled water is widely available and inexpensive.

Vaccinations Required

While no vaccinations are required for entry into Egypt (unless you're coming from a yellow fever-endemic area), it's wise to be up-to-date on routine vaccines. Hepatitis A and typhoid vaccines are also recommended due to the potential for contaminated food or water.

1. From abroad to Egypt: If you're calling Egypt from another country, you would dial your country's exit code, followed by Egypt's country code (20), and then the local number. For example, from the U.S. or Canada, you would dial 011 (the exit code) + 20 + the local number.
2. Within Egypt: If you're in Egypt and calling within the country, just dial the local number. If it's a landline, it usually starts with a 0, followed by a city code, and then the local number. For example, Cairo's city code is 02, so you'd dial 02 + the local number.
3. From Egypt to another country: First dial the exit code, which is 00, followed by the country code of the nation you're calling, and then the local number.

Always keep in mind that mobile numbers might have different prefixes, and it's always a good idea to double-check specific numbers or ask locals for assistance if you're unsure.

• Emergency: 122 (police), 123 (ambulance), 180 (fire).
• Country Code: +20
• Cairo Area Code: 02
• Dialing Instruction: For international calls: +20 (country code) followed by the area code and then the local number.
• Embassies: It's wise to keep the contact number of your country's embassy in Cairo. Most embassies are located in the Zamalek or Garden City areas of Cairo.

In the first half of the year, the peak season usually starts in mid-February and continues till the end of May. It starts again in September and continues till the end of November. These are the times when the weather is at its best, but it is worth noting that weather patterns are inconsistent, so it is possible to have perfect weather throughout the year, as most regions record less than 30 days of rain per year. The summer is hot but nowhere as hot as the Gulf countries, and is perfectly bearable.item.

Add an answer to this item.Absolutely. Jordan has a very low crime rate, and given that tourism is the main source of income for Jordan, security is excellent at all hotels and tourist sites.

Jordan issues a single entry visa to most travellers upon their arrival at the airport or at one of the shared crossing points with Israel, that is of course in case your nationality does not require a pre-issued visa and you plan to stay in Jordan for a minimum of 48 hours. To check if you need a pre-arranged visa or not, please check the list in the following link:
http://international.visitjordan.com/page/4/VisasToJordan.aspxis item.

No, absolutely not. Jordan is quite liberal and guarantees the freedom for women to dress the way they wish. You will see locals that wear the hijab, as well as women who would not look out of place in a European city. It’s all about personal freedom at the end of the day.

Without a doubt. Alcohol is readily available in tourist restaurants, at most 4-5 star hotels, and at bars. You can also buy alcohol at licensed liquor stores (which are readily found in Amman and Aqaba, and less so in other towns). We have two award-winning wine brands as well as three local beer brands.
It is acceptable to drink alcohol in Jordan as long as you respect the local people, customs and laws. Bear in mind that it is illegal in Jordan to drink in the street. Most camps in Wadi Rum are dry, but some will allow you to bring your own drinks.

Jordan is a rarity in the Middle East in that homosexuality is not criminalised, but we recommend that one does not demonstrate affection in public as the local culture and traditions are at odds with such displays. In the Jordanian capital Amman, you will find many restaurants and cafes that are known for their support for the LGBTQ communities, especially in Rainbow street. As for your accommodation, stay away from budget hotels and go for 5-star hotels, as they offer more privacy.

Amman is one of the most underrated attractions in Jordan. The contrast between the modern trendy areas and the old city centre is mesmerising. The Citadel comes highly recommended, as does the Jordan Museum, the Royal Auto Museum, Rainbow Street and the old downtown. We would recommend you spend at least half a day visiting Amman.

t is totally okay to visit Jordan during the month of Ramadan, noting that it is the quietest time of year as fewer travellers visit the country during this month. The vast majority of restaurants and tourist attractions will be open, the only difference during this time of year will be that some tourist sites close earlier, but that does not include Petra as the site is open all year long from 6 am till 6 pm.
Liquor stores will be closed across the country, but many restaurants and hotels’ bars can still serve alcohol (depending on the hotel’s policy).

Yes. A 10% tip is standard. In restaurants, a 10% service charge is often added (check your bill), but as service industry wages are often low and the restaurant — not the worker — may be receiving that service charge, a bit extra is always appreciated. In a taxi, you can round up to the closest dinar and give them a few extra dinars if they help with heavy bags. For porters, 1-2 dinars per bag is expected. Leave the housekeeping staff at least 2 JD per night and the room service 2-5 JD. If you treat yourself to a spa experience, be sure to tip there as well: 5-10 JD, depending on service and treatment.

• Restaurants: 5-10% of the bill, provided service charge isn't included.
• Taxi drivers: Round up to the nearest dinar.
• Tour guides: JOD 5-10 per day.

This depends largely on the season and the activities you’ll be doing. As Jordan has a desert climate, expect high temperatures and a lot of sunshine in the summer; comfortable temps and some rain in the spring and fall; cold weather, shorter days, and much more rain (and occasionally snow) in the winter. The best way to prepare is to bring breathable layers (natural fabrics are recommended) that can be added and removed throughout the day with the changing conditions. If you will be hiking, be sure to pack appropriate footwear. And of course, you’ll need sunscreen and a hat. If you’ll be spending time in Amman, don’t forget to bring along clothing that you’d wear in a city. Many locals in Amman are well-dressed and some restaurants enforce a dress code, so you will certainly be out of place (and maybe not allowed in) if you try to attend a nice rooftop dinner in your hiking gear.

Men:

• Lightweight trousers and shorts.
• T-shirts and some long-sleeved shirts.
• Comfortable walking shoes. 

Women:

• Long skirts or trousers.
• Long-sleeved tops.
• A scarf for mosques or conservative areas.

Food and family are hugely important to Jordanian culture, so you are likely to find yourself eating often and in a variety of settings — from standing at a street stall in downtown Amman or dining on international cuisine at a rooftop restaurant, to eating around a campfire in Wadi Rum or sitting on the floor of a family home. The food is influenced by both Bedouin culture and international flavors, so you’ll discover a variety of dishes to choose from, most containing meat, vegetables, herbs, and rice or bread. The national dish, mansaf — made of lamb, yoghurt, and rice — is a must. You’ll find falafel and hummus aplenty, and olive oil used in many dishes. Mediterranean and Middle Eastern herbs are also commonly used. Be sure to sample some of the herb blend za’atar sprinkled on labneh cheese, bread, yoghurt, or used as a rub on meat. The ingredients vary, but most za’atar contains thyme and oregano, and in Jordan, it often includes wild sumac.

Yes, English is taught at all local schools and is widely spoken in Jordan especially in the cities, and tourist towns. English is the second language after Arabic.

• Air: The primary international gateway is Queen Alia International Airport (QAIA) in Amman. It's serviced by various international airlines offering direct and connecting flights from global destinations.
• Land: You can also enter Jordan by land from neighboring countries like Israel and Saudi Arabia. The King Hussein Bridge (often referred to as the Allenby Bridge) connects the West Bank to Jordan.

• Dress modestly, particularly in religious sites and rural areas.
• Avoid public displays of affection.
• During Ramadan, eating, drinking, or smoking in public during daylight hours is disrespectful.

• Accommodation: Budget hotels (JOD 20-40/night), Mid-range hotels (JOD 50-100/night).
• Meals: Local eateries (JOD 3-7/meal), Restaurants (JOD 10-30/meal).
• Attractions: Entrance fees vary, but the Jordan Pass offers significant savings.

• Carry a copy of your prescription.
• Ensure medicines are in original packaging.
• Some substances might be controlled or prohibited; check beforehand.

No. However:

• Inform someone of your plans.
• Stay in well-lit, populated areas.
• Respect local customs and dress codes.

No, but modest dressing is advisable. This means clothes that cover the arms and legs.

• Government and businesses: Typically open from 8:30 AM to 3:00 PM, Sunday to Thursday.
• Restaurants: Open late, often until midnight.
• Pharmacies: Varies, but many open from around 9:00 AM to 10:00 PM, some 24/7.

• Emergency: 112
• U.S. Embassy in Amman: +962 6 590-6000
• Country Code: +962

In Jordan, the country code is +962. If you're calling Jordan from abroad, you'll start with your international dial-out code (which varies by country), followed by Jordan's country code, and then the local number.

Dialing Instructions when calling Jordan from abroad:

1. International dial-out code (e.g., 011 from the USA or Canada, 00 from many European countries).
2. Jordan's country code: 962
3. The local Jordanian number (often starting with a "6" for landlines in Amman, for instance).

Example: To call a landline in Amman from the USA, you'd dial: 011-962-6-XXXX-XXXX.

If you're in Jordan and calling within the country, you'll just dial the local number directly.

When using a mobile phone in Jordan, you might also need to be aware of specific prefixes used by mobile operators, especially if you're calling a Jordanian mobile number from a landline or from abroad.

Time Zone:Jordan is in the Eastern European Time (EET) zone, which is UTC +2. During Daylight Saving Time, Jordan observes Eastern European Summer Time (EEST), which is UTC +3.

Electricity:

• Voltage: 230 V
• Frequency: 50 Hz

Outlets:Jordan primarily uses two types of electrical outlets:

• Type C: Also known as the Europlug. This is a two-pin plug.
• Type F: Similar to Type C but with two earth clips on the side.
• Type J: A plug which has two round pins, as well as a grounding pin.

Note: If your devices use different plugs, you'll need a plug adapter. It's also essential to check if your electrical devices support the 230 V voltage or if you need a voltage converter.

The best time to visit Greece is during the spring (April to June) and autumn (September to October) when the weather is pleasant, and tourist crowds are smaller.

Greece is known for its beautiful islands. Some popular ones include Santorini, Mykonos, Crete, Rhodes, and Corfu. Each island offers unique landscapes, stunning beaches, and rich cultural experiences.

Yes, most international mobile networks have coverage in Greece. However, it is essential to check with your service provider about international roaming rates to avoid high costs. Alternatively, you can purchase a local SIM card for your phone.

The most common modes of transportation between Greek islands are ferries and hydrofoils. There are also some domestic flights available. It's important to check the schedules in advance, especially during the high season.

When visiting religious sites in Israel, it is recommended to dress modestly and cover your shoulders and knees as a sign of respect. Additionally, swimwear is generally acceptable only at designated beach areas.

In Greece the tap water is generally considered safe to drink. The water supply in most cities and towns undergoes strict monitoring and treatment processes to ensure its quality meets health standards. However, it's important to note that some individuals may have different sensitivities, and the taste or mineral content of tap water can vary between regions.

If you prefer, you can always opt for bottled water, which is widely available and sold in stores, supermarkets, and hotels throughout Israel. Bottled water provides a convenient and reliable alternative for hydration during your travels.

It's also worth mentioning that if you're traveling to more remote or rural areas, it may be advisable to inquire locally about the water quality or consult with your accommodations regarding the suitability of tap water for drinking purposes.

As a general precaution, it's always advisable to exercise caution with the consumption of water from sources other than the tap, such as lakes, rivers, or untreated wells. In such cases, it's best to rely on bottled water or other purified water sources to ensure your safety and well-being.

Greece has made significant progress in LGBTQ+ rights and acceptance. Major cities like Athens and popular islands like Mykonos are known for their LGBTQ+-friendly establishments, events, and welcoming atmosphere.

While Greece is working on improving accessibility, facilities and infrastructure for travelers with disabilities may vary. It's advisable to research specific accommodations and attractions to ensure they meet your accessibility needs.

Greece is generally safe for women traveling alone. However, it's advisable to take common-sense safety precautions such as staying in well-lit areas, avoiding isolated places at night, and being aware of your surroundings.

For Men:

1. Lightweight and breathable clothing: Pack t-shirts, shirts, and shorts made from light fabrics like cotton or linen for the summer months. Include a few long-sleeved shirts and pants for cooler evenings or visits to religious sites.
2. Swimwear: Don't forget to pack swim trunks if you plan to visit beaches or enjoy water activities.
3. Comfortable walking shoes: Bring a pair of comfortable walking shoes or sandals for exploring archaeological sites, cobblestone streets, and outdoor activities.
4. Sun protection: Pack a wide-brimmed hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen to protect yourself from the strong Mediterranean sun.
5. Light jacket or sweater: Even during the summer, evenings in Greece can be cooler, especially in mountainous areas or on islands with strong winds. Have a lightweight jacket or sweater handy.
6. Travel adapter: Greece uses Type C and Type F electrical outlets, so bring a suitable travel adapter to charge your devices.

For Women:

1. Lightweight and breathable clothing: Pack comfortable dresses, skirts, shorts, and tops made from light fabrics like cotton or linen for the summer. Include a few longer and more modest options for visits to religious sites.
2. Swimwear: Don't forget to pack swimsuits or bikinis if you plan to swim or visit beaches.
3. Comfortable walking shoes: Bring comfortable walking shoes or sandals suitable for sightseeing and walking on uneven terrain.
4. Sun protection: Pack a wide-brimmed hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen to protect yourself from the strong Mediterranean sun.
5. Light jacket or cardigan: Carry a lightweight jacket or cardigan for cooler evenings or breezy days.
6. Travel adapter: Ensure you have a suitable travel adapter (Type C and Type F) to charge your devices.

General Packing Tips:

1. Travel essentials: Don't forget your travel documents (passport, visa, etc.), travel insurance information, and a photocopy of important documents.
2. Weather-appropriate items: Check the weather forecast for your travel dates and pack accordingly. Include a compact umbrella for unexpected rain showers.
3. Toiletries and medications: Carry essential toiletries, including sunscreen, insect repellent, and any necessary medications.
4. Day bag: Bring a small day bag or backpack for carrying essentials during day trips and city explorations.
5. Money and cards: Carry a mix of cash (in the local currency) and cards for convenience.

Remember to check the specific cultural norms and dress codes of the regions you plan to visit in Greece, as some religious sites may require modest attire.

Greek cuisine is known for its fresh and flavorful dishes, incorporating a rich Mediterranean diet. Here's an overview of the food in Greece:

1. Greek Salad (Horiatiki): A classic Greek salad typically includes tomatoes, cucumbers, onions, olives, and feta cheese, dressed with olive oil and sprinkled with oregano. It's a refreshing and healthy dish.
2. Moussaka: Moussaka is a popular Greek dish made with layers of eggplant, minced meat (usually beef or lamb), and a creamy béchamel sauce. It's baked to perfection and served as a hearty main course.
3. Souvlaki: Souvlaki refers to skewered and grilled meat, often served with pita bread, tzatziki sauce (yogurt and cucumber dip), and a side of Greek salad. It can be made with various meats such as pork, chicken, or lamb.
4. Dolmades: Dolmades are stuffed grape leaves filled with a mixture of rice, herbs, and sometimes minced meat. They can be served as an appetizer or as part of a meze platter.
5. Spanakopita: Spanakopita is a savory pastry filled with spinach, feta cheese, onions, and herbs, all baked in layers of flaky phyllo dough. It's commonly enjoyed as a snack or appetizer.
6. Gyro: A gyro consists of seasoned and roasted meat (typically pork, chicken, or lamb) cooked on a vertical rotisserie. It's usually served in pita bread with garnishes like tzatziki sauce, tomatoes, onions, and fries.
7. Taramasalata: Taramasalata is a creamy dip made from fish roe (often cod or carp), mixed with olive oil, lemon juice, bread crumbs, and garlic. It's commonly enjoyed with bread or pita chips.
8. Baklava: Baklava is a sweet pastry made with layers of phyllo dough, nuts (commonly walnuts or pistachios), and sweet syrup or honey. It's a popular dessert in Greece.
9. Greek Yogurt: Greek yogurt, known for its creamy and thick texture, is a staple in Greek cuisine. It's often served with honey, fruits, or nuts as a healthy breakfast or dessert option.
10. Ouzo: Ouzo is a popular Greek alcoholic beverage with a distinct anise flavor. It's often served as an aperitif or enjoyed alongside meze dishes.

Greek cuisine focuses on using fresh, local ingredients such as olive oil, herbs, vegetables, and seafood. Exploring local tavernas, street food stalls, and traditional restaurants will allow you to fully experience the diverse and delicious flavors of Greek food.

Yes, English is commonly spoken in tourist areas and major cities in Greece. However, it is always helpful to learn a few basic Greek phrases and greetings to enhance your travel experience.

The local currency in Greece is the Euro (EUR). Currency exchange services and ATMs are widely available in tourist areas.

Greece has a diverse climate due to its varied topography and geographical features. Here's an overview of the climate in Greece:

1. Mediterranean Climate: The coastal regions of Greece, including popular destinations like Athens, Santorini, and Crete, have a Mediterranean climate. Summers (June to September) are hot and dry, with temperatures ranging from 25-35°C (77-95°F). Winters (December to February) are mild and relatively wet, with temperatures averaging around 10-15°C (50-59°F).
2. Aegean Climate: The Aegean islands, such as Mykonos, Rhodes, and Lesbos, experience a similar climate to the coastal regions. Summers are hot and dry, with temperatures reaching 30-35°C (86-95°F). Winters are mild and wet, with temperatures ranging from 10-15°C (50-59°F).
3. Alpine Climate: The mountainous regions of Greece, including the Pindus Mountain range, have an alpine climate. Summers are generally cooler, with temperatures averaging around 20°C (68°F), while winters are cold and snowy, with temperatures often dropping below freezing.
4. Continental Climate: Northern Greece, including Thessaloniki and the regions bordering countries like Bulgaria and North Macedonia, experiences a continental climate. Summers are hot and dry, with temperatures ranging from 30-35°C (86-95°F). Winters are colder, with temperatures occasionally dropping below freezing, averaging around 5-10°C (41-50°F).
5. Ionian Climate: The Ionian Islands, such as Corfu and Zakynthos, have a mild Mediterranean climate. Summers are warm and dry, with temperatures around 25-30°C (77-86°F). Winters are mild and wet, with temperatures ranging from 10-15°C (50-59°F).

Greeks appreciate politeness and respect. It's customary to greet with a handshake and maintain eye contact during conversations. When visiting churches, dress modestly and avoid loud conversations or disruptions during services.

Time Zone:

• Greece is in the Eastern European Time (EET) zone, which is UTC +2. During Daylight Saving Time, Greece observes Eastern European Summer Time (EEST), which is UTC +3.

Electricity:

• Voltage: 230 V
• Frequency: 50 Hz

Outlets:

• Greece mainly uses Type C and Type F outlets.

Other Important Information for Travelers to Greece:

1. Currency: Greece uses the Euro (€) as its official currency.
2. Dress Code: Greeks dress both casually and formally depending on the occasion. In religious sites, modest attire is recommended.
3. Water: Tap water is generally safe to drink in cities, but bottled water is recommended in certain islands or rural areas.
4. Language: The official language is Greek. English is widely spoken, especially in tourist areas.
5. Visa: EU citizens can enter with an ID card. Non-EU citizens may need a Schengen visa, depending on their country of origin.
6. Safety: Greece is a safe country, but standard precautions, like watching out for pickpockets in crowded areas, should be taken.
7. Cultural Etiquette: Greeks are known for their hospitality. When invited to someone's home, it's customary to bring a gift.

Holidays:

• January 1 - New Year's Day
• January 6 - Epiphany
• March/April - Easter Monday (date varies, as it's based on the Orthodox Christian calendar)
• May 1 - Labour Day
• August 15 - Assumption Day
• October 28 - Ochi Day (No Day)
• December 25 - Christmas Day
• December 26 - St. Stephen's Day

Opening Times:

• Shops: Typically open around 9:00 AM and close around 8:00 PM. Smaller shops might close in the afternoon for a few hours, especially during hot days.
• Banks: Usually open from 8:00 AM to 2:30 PM on weekdays.
• Restaurants and Cafes: Open around 12:00 PM and close late at night, around midnight or later.
• Museums: Most are open from 9:00 AM to 4:00 PM, though times may vary.
• Pharmacies: Typically open from 8:00 AM to 2:00 PM and then again from 5:30 PM to 8:00 PM.

Country Code: +30

Dialing Instructions:

• From abroad to Greece: +30 (area code without the 0) (local number)
• Within Greece: 0 (area code) (local number)

Emergency Numbers:

• General Emergency: 112
• Police: 100
• Ambulance: 166
• Fire Brigade: 199
• Tourist Police: 1571

Embassy Numbers: For specific embassy numbers, it's best to consult your country's foreign affairs website or the embassy directly. However, for U.S. citizens, the U.S. Embassy in Athens can be reached at: +30 210-721-2951.

The primary point of entry for international tourists to Lebanon is the Rafic Hariri International Airport in Beirut. Most travelers prefer to fly into this airport, and several international airlines operate flights connecting major cities around the world to Beirut. Once there, it's easy to find taxis and car rental services right outside the airport to get to your accommodation or other destinations.

Travel insurance is a prudent measure for any international trip. It protects against unforeseen circumstances such as medical emergencies, trip interruptions, lost luggage, and flight cancellations. Considering Lebanon's occasional political instability and regional tensions, having a comprehensive travel insurance policy can provide peace of mind, ensuring you're covered for a range of unexpected events.

Most nationalities can get a visa on arrival at Beirut International Airport, which is typically valid for 30 days. However, visa requirements can change, so it's essential to consult the Lebanese embassy or consulate in your country before your trip. Always carry necessary documents, including return tickets and hotel bookings, to facilitate the visa process.

Lebanon, especially Beirut and major tourist sites, is generally safe for visitors. However, it's crucial to stay informed about current political situations and regional tensions. Avoid areas near the borders with Syria and Israel, and always follow travel advisories from your government.

The official language in Lebanon is Arabic. But, thanks to its colonial history and a robust education system, many Lebanese are fluent in French and English, especially in urban areas and among the younger population.

Beirut offers a range of transportation options. Buses and service taxis (shared taxis) are common. Regular taxis can be hailed on the street or booked through hotels. For a more flexible option, consider renting a car, but be prepared for Beirut's notorious traffic!

es, Lebanon is quite liberal in this regard. Alcohol is readily available in supermarkets, liquor stores, bars, and restaurants. Lebanese wines, in particular, have garnered international acclaim and are worth trying.

The Lebanese are warm and hospitable. When visiting someone's home, it's a kind gesture to bring a small gift. Dressing modestly, especially in religious or rural areas, is advised. While public displays of affection are common in urban areas, they might be frowned upon in more conservative settings.

Lebanon can be both affordable and expensive, depending on your choices. Upscale restaurants, hotels, and boutiques in Beirut can be pricey. Budget travelers can expect to spend around $50 to $100 per day, while those seeking luxury might spend upwards of $200 daily. Always have a mix of cash (both Lebanese pounds and US dollars) and cards.

In restaurants, a tip of 10-15% is customary if a service charge isn't included. For taxi drivers, rounding up to the nearest thousand Lebanese pounds is common. Tour guides generally expect around $10 to $15 per day, and drivers around $5 to $10 per day. For smaller services, like bellboys or housekeeping, a couple of dollars or its equivalent will suffice.

While Beirut has a growing LGBT scene and is relatively more accepting compared to other Middle Eastern countries, it's essential to exercise discretion. Public displays of same-sex affection might not be well-received, especially outside of Beirut.

Lebanon's coastal regions, including Beirut, enjoy a Mediterranean climate with hot summers and mild winters. The mountains are cooler and receive snowfall in winter, making them great for skiing.

No, tourists are free to explore on their own. However, always be cautious, especially if wandering around late at night. Stick to well-lit areas and avoid regions known for their instability.

Traveling with prescription medications, keep them in their original packaging, accompanied by the doctor's prescription. This ensures smooth entry at customs and avoids potential legal complications.

Spring (April to June) and autumn (September to November) are ideal for visiting Lebanon. The weather is pleasant, and these periods avoid the extreme heat of summer and the cold of winter.

No, Lebanon is a multi-religious country with a significant Christian population. Women are not required to wear a hijab unless visiting a mosque or a conservative area.

Visiting during Ramadan is a unique experience. Daytime activity slows down, and many restaurants might be closed, but evenings are lively with iftar (breaking of the fast) celebrations. Tourists should refrain from eating, drinking, or smoking in public during fasting hours out of respect.

• For Men: Lightweight shirts, trousers, and comfortable shoes for summer. A jacket for evenings. Warmer clothing for winter, especially if visiting the mountains. Swimsuits for the beach. Respectful attire for religious sites.
• For Women: Light dresses, skirts, or trousers for summer. A sweater or shawl for cooler evenings. In winter, layering is key. Swimsuits for the beach, though it's advisable to wear one-pieces or conservative swimwear. For religious sites, clothing covering the arms and legs is recommended.

Beyond Beirut, there's Byblos, one of the world's oldest cities. The Roman temples at Baalbek are magnificent. The Jeita Grotto showcases stunning natural beauty, and the Qadisha Valley offers serene landscapes. For beach lovers, the coastal town of Tyre is a treat, and for winter enthusiasts, the mountains of Faraya provide skiing opportunities.

It's generally recommended to stick to bottled water for both drinking and brushing teeth. While tap water in many urban areas is treated, the quality can be inconsistent.

Major cities like Beirut have made efforts to improve accessibility, but it might not be up to Western standards. Historic sites, in particular, might be challenging to navigate. It's wise to consult with accommodations and attractions ahead of time regarding specific needs.

While many women travel solo in Lebanon without issues, it's always good to exercise caution. Stick to well-trodden paths, especially at night. Dressing modestly can prevent unwanted attention. Always inform someone, like hotel staff, about your whereabouts if you're venturing out alone.

The Lebanese pound (LBP) is the official currency, but the US dollar is also widely accepted and used. ATMs are readily available in cities, and credit cards are accepted at many establishments.

1. **Banks:**

    - **Business Days:** Monday to Friday

    - **Opening Hours:** Usually from 8:30 AM to 2 PM

    - Some branches may open on Saturdays, especially in more touristic areas, but with reduced hours.

2. **Government Offices:**

    - **Business Days:** Monday to Friday

    - **Opening Hours:** Typically 8 AM to 2 PM or 3 PM

3. **Shops and Boutiques:**

    - **Business Days:** Most shops are open from Monday to Saturday. In touristic and commercial areas, some might open on Sundays.

    - **Opening Hours:** Generally, 10 AM to 8 PM. However, in the heat of summer, some shops might close during the early afternoon and reopen in the evening.

4. **Supermarkets:**

    - **Business Days:** Daily

    - **Opening Hours:** Usually from 8 AM to 10 PM, with larger chains occasionally staying open 24 hours.

5. **Restaurants:**

    - **Business Days:** Most restaurants operate daily.

    - **Opening Hours:** For lunch, from around 12 PM to 3 PM, and for dinner, from 7 PM to 11 PM. Many restaurants, especially in Beirut, remain open even later, especially on weekends.

6. **Bars and Nightclubs:**

    - **Business Days:** Thursday to Saturday are the busiest nights, but many bars are open throughout the week.

    - **Opening Hours:** Bars usually open in the late afternoon or early evening and can close anywhere from 1 AM to 3 AM. Nightclubs typically open around 10 PM and can go on until 5 AM, especially on weekends.

7. **Tourist Attractions:**

    - **Business Days:** Most are open daily, but this can vary based on the attraction and the season.

    - **Opening Hours:** Typically 9 AM to 5 PM. However, some attractions might have extended hours during peak tourist seasons or on certain days.

8. **Pharmacies:**

    - **Business Days:** Daily

    - **Opening Hours:** Generally from 9 AM to 6 PM or 7 PM. In cities, there's usually a roster system ensuring some pharmacies remain open 24/7 or have late-night hours.

9. **Malls and Shopping Centers:**

    - **Business Days:** Daily

    - **Opening Hours:** Most malls operate from 10 AM to 10 PM.

Keep in mind that during the holy month of Ramadan, many establishments might have reduced hours or could close during the day and reopen in the evening after iftar (breaking of the fast).

As always, it's a good idea to check with individual establishments or attractions directly to confirm their operating hours, especially if you're planning to visit during holidays or special occasions.

 **Emergency and Important Numbers:**

1. **General Emergency:** 112

2. **Fire Brigade:** 175

3. **Red Cross (Medical Emergency):** 140

4. **Internal Security Forces:** 161

5. **Civil Defense:** 125

6. **Information:** 1515

 **Embassy Numbers:**

It's always good to be familiar with your home country's embassy or consulate contact in Lebanon. I'll list a few here, but you should check your specific country if it's not mentioned:

1. **U.S. Embassy in Beirut:** +961-4-542600 or +961-4-543600

2. **UK Embassy in Beirut:** +961-1-960800

3. **Australian Embassy in Beirut:** +961-1-960600

4. **Canadian Embassy in Beirut:** +961-4-726700

5. **French Embassy in Beirut:** +961-1-420000

6. **German Embassy in Beirut:** +961-1-962000

7. **Indian Embassy in Beirut:** +961-1-213217

(Note: If you are from another country, you should check the specific contact for your nation's embassy or consulate in Lebanon.)

**Country and City Codes:**

1. **Country Code for Lebanon:** +961

2. **City Codes:**

   - Beirut: 01

   - Tripoli: 06

   - Sidon (Saida): 07

   - Tyre (Sour): 07

   - Zahle: 08

   - Baalbek: 08

   - Byblos (Jbeil): 09

   - (This is not an exhaustive list; there are other city codes for other regions in Lebanon.)

 **Dialing Instructions:**

1. **Calling within Lebanon:** 

   - For landlines: Simply dial the local number. 

   - For mobiles: Dial the mobile number (often starting with 03, 70, 71, 76, 78, or 79).

2. **Calling Lebanon from abroad:** 

   - Dial your country's exit code (e.g., 011 for the USA), followed by Lebanon's country code (961), then the local area code (without the initial 0) and finally the local number. 

     - Example for calling a Beirut number from the USA: 011 + 961 + 1 + local number

3. **Calling abroad from Lebanon:** 

   - Dial 00 followed by the country code of the country you are calling, then the area code and the local number.

     - Example for calling a US number from Lebanon: 00 + 1 + area code + local number

Make sure to save or write down these numbers in case you need them. It's also a good idea to check with your home country's foreign affairs or state department for any updated or additional contact information related to Lebanon before your journey.

As of my last update in January 2022, Saudi Arabia had introduced significant changes to its visa policies to promote tourism, business, and other types of visits.

1. **Tourist Visa**: Saudi Arabia introduced a tourist visa in September 2019 for citizens of 49 countries, which allows tourists to visit Saudi Arabia for up to 90 days during a one-year period. This visa can be obtained online or on arrival for eligible nationalities.

2. **Umrah Visa**: For Muslim pilgrims planning to perform Umrah, there's a specific Umrah visa. It's worth noting that those traveling on a tourist visa are also permitted to perform Umrah.

3. **Hajj Visa**: The Hajj pilgrimage requires a separate visa, and there are specific quotas and guidelines for each country.

4. **Business and Other Visas**: Different visa categories are available for business, work, family visits, and other purposes. These typically require an invitation and must be applied for in advance through a Saudi embassy or consulate.

5. **eVisa**: The eVisa, which is available to the eligible 49 countries, can be obtained online prior to travel.

6. **Visa-Free**: GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) nationals do not require a visa to enter Saudi Arabia.

For travelers not on the eligible list or those wishing to stay longer or for purposes other than tourism, a visa applied for in advance through a Saudi embassy or consulate would be necessary.

Requirements and policies can change, so for the most accurate and up-to-date information:

- Visit the official Saudi eVisa portal or the official website of the Saudi Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

- Consult the nearest Saudi embassy or consulate.

If you share your nationality, I can provide more specific information. However, always cross-check with official sources before making any travel plans.

Saudi Arabia, traditionally known for religious tourism, has been opening up to international tourists in recent years and promoting a variety of attractions. Here are some popular tourist destinations and experiences in the country:

1. **Mecca and Medina**:

   - **Mecca**: The holiest city in Islam, Mecca is the destination for the Hajj pilgrimage. Non-Muslims are not permitted to enter the city.

   - **Medina**: The second holiest city in Islam, where the Prophet Muhammad is buried. Like Mecca, non-Muslims are not allowed to enter the central part of the city.

2. **Al-Ula and Madain Salih (Al-Hijr)**: 

   - A UNESCO World Heritage site, Madain Salih boasts well-preserved Nabatean tombs carved into massive rocks, similar to Petra in Jordan. Al-Ula, the region surrounding Madain Salih, has breathtaking landscapes and canyons.

3. **Diriyah**: Located in the capital city of Riyadh, this is a historic site which showcases the mud-brick ruins of the old city. It's also a UNESCO World Heritage site.

4. **Red Sea Coast**: 

   - The Red Sea coast, especially around the city of Jeddah, is known for its coral reefs and diving opportunities. 

   - The **Red Sea Project** is an ongoing tourism project that aims to transform a significant part of the country's Red Sea coastline into a global tourism destination.

5. **Abha and Asir Province**: A mountainous region with cool weather, terraced fields, and historic villages. The Al-Soudah Park in Abha offers picturesque views and adventure activities.

6. **Najran**: This area boasts ancient ruins, forts, and a dam. The Al-Ukhdood archaeological site has petroglyphs and inscriptions.

7. **Empty Quarter (Rub' al Khali)**: The world's largest sand desert, this vast expanse offers stunning sand dunes and an experience of the Bedouin way of life.

8. **Edge of the World**: Near Riyadh, this is a dramatic escarpment offering stunning views of the plains below.

9. **Jeddah's Historic Al-Balad District**: A UNESCO World Heritage site, this old district of Jeddah has historic buildings, narrow alleys, and traditional markets (souqs).

10. **King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture (Ithra)**: Located in Dhahran, this is a cultural institution that includes a museum, theater, library, and more.

11. **Taif**: Located in the mountains, Taif is known for its cool climate, historic sites, and rose gardens.

12. **Jabal Sawda**: The highest peak in Saudi Arabia, located in the Asir Province, offers hiking opportunities.

13. **King Fahd Fountain**: Located in Jeddah, it's the tallest of its type of fountain in the world.

Saudi Arabia is also investing heavily in entertainment and cultural events as part of its Vision 2030, with concerts, festivals, and sports events increasingly being held.

Before visiting, it's essential to be aware of the cultural norms and respect local traditions, especially regarding dress codes and behavior. Always ensure that you have the necessary permits or permissions when visiting specific sites, especially religious or culturally sensitive areas.

Traveling to Saudi Arabia, like traveling to any foreign country, comes with its considerations. In recent years, Saudi Arabia has made significant efforts to attract international tourists and to diversify its economy beyond oil, as part of its Vision 2030 plan. Consequently, the nation has made considerable changes to be more accommodating to tourists.

Here are some factors to consider regarding safety and travel in Saudi Arabia:

1. **Crime Rates**: Saudi Arabia has relatively low crime rates compared to many countries. Petty crimes like theft or pickpocketing are not widespread, especially in areas frequented by tourists.

2. **Terrorism**: Although the government has taken robust measures to counter extremist elements, there have been instances of terror-related incidents in the past. Always stay informed about the current situation and avoid areas deemed high-risk.

3. **Cultural Norms**: Saudi Arabia is a conservative society with strict interpretations of Islamic law. It's essential to respect local customs, laws, and religious practices. Women travelers, in particular, should be aware of dress codes and are typically expected to wear an "abaya" (a loose-fitting black cloak) in public, though the requirement has become less strict in tourist areas.

4. **Driving**: Road conditions in major cities and highways are excellent. However, driving styles can be aggressive compared to Western standards. If you're not confident, consider hiring a local driver or using taxis.

5. **Gender Considerations**: Unaccompanied women travelers were rare in the past, but the country is gradually becoming more open. Still, solo female travelers might receive more attention than they would in other countries. It's also worth noting that as of recent changes, women can drive in Saudi Arabia and rent hotel rooms without a male guardian.

6. **Alcohol and Drugs**: Alcohol is illegal in Saudi Arabia. Possession, consumption, or trafficking of alcohol or drugs has severe penalties, including imprisonment.

7. **Public Behavior**: Public displays of affection, like hugging or holding hands (unless it's between individuals of the same gender or closely related family members), are frowned upon. Acts deemed disrespectful to Islam or the Saudi government can lead to severe penalties.

8. **Health**: Ensure you have appropriate travel insurance. While Saudi Arabia has modern healthcare facilities, treatment can be expensive. There are no specific vaccinations required for travel to Saudi Arabia (unless traveling for the Hajj or Umrah pilgrimages).

9. **Natural Hazards**: Parts of Saudi Arabia, especially the southwestern region, can experience heavy rainfall leading to flash floods. Sand and dust storms are also common in desert areas.

10. **Stay Updated**: It's always a good idea to check travel advisories from your home country's foreign ministry or department before traveling.

In summary, while Saudi Arabia offers numerous cultural and historical attractions, it's crucial for travelers to be well-informed, respectful of local customs, and cautious to ensure a safe trip. Always do thorough research and possibly even contact local tour operators for guidance on the current situation and best practices.

In recent years, Saudi Arabia has relaxed its dress code regulations for foreign women as part of its efforts to open up to international tourism. As of my last update in January 2022:

- Foreign tourist women are not required to wear a hijab (headscarf) while visiting Saudi Arabia.

- However, it is still required that women wear modest clothing. The abaya, a loose-fitting black cloak that covers the body, was once mandatory for all women, but this rule has been relaxed for foreign tourists. Women are still expected to dress modestly, which typically means clothing that covers the shoulders and knees.

- In more conservative areas or when visiting religious sites, women might feel more comfortable or find it more respectful to wear the abaya and potentially a headscarf as well.

It's essential to be aware that while the government has relaxed these regulations, local customs can vary, and in more conservative areas, people might expect stricter adherence to traditional norms. Always be observant and considerate of local customs and traditions, and when in doubt, lean on the side of dressing more conservatively.

Absolutely. Like any country, Saudi Arabia has a rich tapestry of customs and traditions. When visiting, it's essential to be aware of these cultural norms to show respect and ensure a smooth experience. Here are some customs and etiquette pointers to keep in mind:

1. **Greetings**: Traditional Saudi greetings involve saying "As-salamu alaykum" (peace be upon you). The response is "Wa alaykum as-salam" (and upon you be peace). Handshakes are common among men. It's worth noting that men and women usually don't shake hands or have physical contact in public unless they are related.

2. **Dress Code**: As mentioned, dress modestly. For women, loose-fitting and conservative attire that covers the shoulders and knees is advisable. While foreign women aren't required to wear an abaya, it might be useful in more conservative areas. Men should avoid wearing shorts in public.

3. **Prayer Times**: Saudi Arabia is an Islamic country, and the daily life rhythm revolves around the five daily prayers. Shops, restaurants, and other public venues might close during prayer times. It's respectful to be aware of these times and plan around them.

4. **Alcohol and Drugs**: Alcohol is illegal in Saudi Arabia, and penalties can be severe. Similarly, drug offenses can lead to heavy fines, imprisonment, and even the death penalty.

5. **Public Conduct**: Public displays of affection (like hugging or kissing) between men and women are generally frowned upon. It's advisable to act conservatively in public.

6. **Ramadan**: During the holy month of Ramadan, Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset. Eating, drinking, or smoking in public during daylight hours of this month is considered disrespectful.

7. **Photography**: Be cautious when taking photographs. Don't photograph government buildings, military installations, or palaces. Always ask for permission before photographing people, especially women.

8. **Driving**: Women have been allowed to drive in Saudi Arabia since 2018. However, when driving, women should avoid eye contact with men, especially at traffic signals.

9. **Gender Segregation**: In many public places like restaurants or cafes, there are sections for 'families' and sections for 'singles' (meaning men alone). Always check and go to the appropriate section.

10. **Gift Giving**: If invited to a Saudi home, it's polite to bring a small gift. If you bring food, ensure it's halal. Avoid giving alcohol or products containing alcohol (like some perfumes or lotions).

11. **Footwear**: When entering a Saudi home, it's customary to remove your shoes unless told otherwise.

12. **Tipping**: Tipping is common in restaurants, and a 10% tip is generally adequate. However, it's not mandatory.

13. **Weekend**: The weekend in Saudi Arabia is on Friday and Saturday. Friday is a holy day for Muslims, and many businesses will be closed or have limited hours.

Being aware of these customs and showing respect for local traditions can greatly enrich your experience in Saudi Arabia. The Saudi people, in general, are known for their hospitality, and showing consideration for their culture will be appreciated.

In Saudi Arabia, tap water is generally safe to drink because the country follows high standards of water treatment and purification. In cities and major towns, the water supply is typically desalinated and treated to remove any harmful substances. That said, there are some things to keep in mind:

1. **Taste**: Even though the water is treated, desalinated water might have a different taste than what many travelers are used to. Some people might find the taste slightly off-putting due to the desalination process.

2. **Regional Differences**: While the water might be safe to drink in cities and major towns, in remote areas or smaller villages, the quality of tap water may vary. In such places, it's advisable to err on the side of caution.

3. **Bottled Water**: Many locals and expats prefer to drink bottled water due to its taste and guaranteed purity. Bottled water is widely available throughout the country and is relatively inexpensive.

4. **Sensitive Stomachs**: As with any travel, sudden changes in water or food sources might upset some people's digestive systems, even if the water is clean and safe. If you have a sensitive stomach, it's probably best to stick to bottled water.

5. **Other Uses**: While you might choose to drink bottled water, tap water is generally safe for other purposes like brushing teeth or washing fruits and vegetables.

6. **Hydration**: Given the hot and dry climate of Saudi Arabia, staying hydrated is crucial. Always ensure you have access to clean water, especially when traveling during the hotter months or venturing into desert areas.

In summary, while tap water in major cities and towns of Saudi Arabia is treated and considered safe to drink, many visitors and residents opt for bottled water due to taste preferences and to be on the safer side.

Saudi Arabia is a conservative country that adheres strictly to Islamic law, and its stance on LGBTQ+ rights and issues is very restrictive. Here are some key points to be aware of:

1. **Legal Status**: Homosexual acts, as well as any form of LGBTQ+ advocacy or representation, are illegal in Saudi Arabia. Convictions can result in severe penalties, including fines, imprisonment, corporal punishment, and, in extreme cases, the death penalty.

2. **Cultural Views**: The cultural and societal views in Saudi Arabia are generally not accepting of LGBTQ+ identities. The public expression or promotion of LGBTQ+ rights, even on social media, can result in legal action.

3. **Discretion**: Due to the legal and societal risks, many LGBTQ+ individuals in Saudi Arabia keep their identities and relationships entirely private. It's essential for LGBTQ+ visitors to be aware of the risks and exercise extreme discretion during their stay.

4. **Gender Segregation**: Saudi Arabia practices strict gender segregation in public spaces like restaurants, mosques, and schools. This can present challenges for transgender or non-binary individuals.

5. **Cross-Dressing**: Wearing clothing associated with the opposite gender is illegal and can result in penalties.

6. **Travel Considerations**: LGBTQ+ travelers should be cautious, do thorough research, and consider the implications and potential risks before traveling to Saudi Arabia. 

In summary, Saudi Arabia is not LGBTQ+-friendly, and it's crucial for LGBTQ+ individuals to be fully aware of the local laws and cultural norms to ensure their safety while in the country.

Saudi Arabia has been making efforts to improve accessibility for travelers with disabilities, particularly in the context of religious tourism and as a part of its Vision 2030 program to promote tourism. However, there are varying degrees of accessibility, and the country still has areas where it can improve.

Here are some things to consider if traveling to Saudi Arabia with a disability:

1. **Airports**: Major airports like King Abdulaziz International Airport in Jeddah, King Khalid International Airport in Riyadh, and King Fahd International Airport in Dammam have facilities for passengers with reduced mobility. This includes ramps, adapted toilets, and wheelchair services.

2. **Hotels**: Many of the newer or more upscale hotels in big cities have rooms that are adapted for guests with disabilities, but it's essential to check and confirm in advance.

3. **Public Transportation**: Public transportation is not fully accessible. Buses might not have ramps or designated spaces for wheelchairs. However, the new metro systems being developed in cities like Riyadh have been designed with accessibility in mind.

4. **Hajj and Umrah Pilgrimages**: Special arrangements are made for pilgrims with disabilities during the Hajj and Umrah, including wheelchair services and specific accommodation facilities.

5. **Sidewalks and Public Areas**: Sidewalks can be inconsistent when it comes to being wheelchair-friendly, especially in older parts of cities. Many places may lack ramps or have obstructions that make mobility difficult.

6. **Cultural Sites**: Accessibility at cultural sites can be mixed. While some of the newer or renovated sites may have ramps and other facilities, older or historical sites might not be as accessible.

7. **Communication**: Saudi Arabia uses Arabic as its official language. If you're traveling with a hearing impairment and rely on sign language, be aware that Arabic Sign Language is different from other sign languages, like ASL or BSL.

8. **Awareness**: Awareness of disabilities and the need for accommodations is growing in Saudi Arabia, but it's not as prevalent as in some Western countries. It's a good idea to discuss specific needs directly with service providers in advance.

9. **Assistance**: It's advisable for travelers with significant mobility challenges to travel with a companion who can assist when necessary or to make arrangements with local service providers for support during their stay.

In summary, while Saudi Arabia has made strides in improving accessibility, it's essential to plan thoroughly, ask questions, and confirm accommodations in advance to ensure a smooth travel experience.

Women traveling alone in Saudi Arabia should be mindful of cultural norms and local laws, just as they should in any country. While Saudi Arabia has undergone significant liberalization and reform in recent years, especially regarding women's rights, it still adheres to certain conservative traditions.

Here are some safety precautions and considerations for solo female travelers in Saudi Arabia:

1. **Dress Modestly**: Although the strict dress code has eased, women are still expected to dress modestly. This generally means wearing an abaya (a long, loose-fitting cloak) in public, although it's no longer mandatory to cover the hair with a headscarf in non-religious sites. Still, dressing conservatively can help avoid unwanted attention.

2. **Accommodation**: Stay in reputable hotels or accommodations. Many hotels have separate entrances and sections for women and families, ensuring additional safety and privacy.

3. **Public Behavior**: Public displays of affection are frowned upon. Avoid any behavior that might be considered provocative or inappropriate.

4. **Travel During Daylight**: If you can, try to plan your activities during daylight hours. If you need to travel at night, use reputable taxi companies or transportation services.

5. **Stay Informed**: Always let someone know your plans, whether it's a friend, family member, or hotel staff. Share your itinerary and regularly check-in.

6. **Avoid Remote Areas**: Stick to populated areas, especially after dark. Avoid walking alone in remote places or less-traveled areas.

7. **Carry a Local SIM Card**: Having a local SIM card will allow you to make emergency calls and use GPS features on your phone if needed.

8. **Respect Cultural Norms**: Recognize and respect the significance of religious times and places. For example, during prayer times, many establishments close, and it's essential to be respectful of these customs.

9. **Travel in Groups**: If possible, join group tours or activities. This not only provides an additional layer of safety but also can enrich your experience by interacting with fellow travelers.

10. **Learn Basic Arabic Phrases**: While many people in Saudi Arabia speak English, especially in the hospitality industry, knowing basic Arabic phrases can be helpful in various situations.

11. **Avoid Political Discussions**: It's wise to avoid getting into political discussions, especially those that concern the Saudi royal family or government.

12. **Stay Updated**: Before and during your trip, stay updated on any local news or regulations that might affect your stay.

13. **Local Laws**: Familiarize yourself with local laws and customs. For instance, alcohol is illegal in Saudi Arabia, and possession can lead to severe penalties.

In general, Saudi Arabia is quite safe, with low crime rates. The people are known for their hospitality, and many female travelers have had positive experiences. However, as with traveling in any country, it's crucial to stay aware of your surroundings and be respectful of local customs and norms.

When packing for a trip to Saudi Arabia, travelers should keep in mind the local culture, religious customs, and climate conditions. Here are suggestions for both men and women:

**For Men**:

1. **Clothing**: 

    - **Thobe**: It's not mandatory for non-Saudi men, but you may choose to wear the traditional long white robe called a 'thobe' (or dishdasha). 

    - **Pants**: Lightweight and breathable pants. While shorts are becoming more acceptable, especially in more modern areas like Jeddah, it's generally best to wear long pants to be respectful.

    - **Shirts**: Lightweight long-sleeved shirts. 

    - **Footwear**: Comfortable walking shoes. Sandals are also widely accepted.

2. **Headwear**: While not mandatory, many men wear a head covering known as a 'ghutrah' or 'shemagh' with an 'agal' (a black cord) to keep it in place.

3. **Sun Protection**: High SPF sunscreen, sunglasses, and a hat.

4. **Business Attire**: If traveling for business, pack a suit. Business attire is formal in Saudi Arabia.

5. **Miscellaneous**: 

    - Power adapter (the country uses Type G electrical outlets).

    - Basic medications and a personal medical kit.

    - Personal toiletries.

**For Women**:

1. **Clothing**:

    - **Abaya**: Though it's becoming less strict, especially in major cities, many women still wear the black cloak known as an 'abaya'. It's a good idea to pack one or purchase one upon arrival.

    - **Clothes**: Loose-fitting clothes, long skirts, and long-sleeved tops.

    - **Footwear**: Comfortable walking shoes. Sandals are also widely accepted.

2. **Headscarf**: While it's not strictly enforced everywhere, many women still wear a headscarf (hijab) out of respect, especially when visiting religious sites.

3. **Sun Protection**: High SPF sunscreen, sunglasses, and a hat.

4. **Miscellaneous**:

    - Modest swimwear if your hotel has a pool. Some luxury hotels have separate pools or timings for women and men.

    - Personal toiletries and feminine hygiene products (though these are widely available, you might prefer your preferred brands).

    - Power adapter (the country uses Type G electrical outlets).

    - Basic medications and a personal medical kit.

**For Both**:

1. **Toiletries**: While most hotels provide basic toiletries, always pack any specialty items you can't do without. This includes any specific skincare products, hair care items, or other personal care products.

2. **Prayer Times**: If you intend to visit businesses or shops, be aware that during the five daily prayer times, many establishments will close for about 30 minutes. Plan your schedule accordingly.

3. **Cultural Etiquette Book**: It can be beneficial to carry a small guidebook on cultural etiquette in Saudi Arabia to familiarize yourself with the local customs and traditions.

4. **Reusable Water Bottle**: It's essential to stay hydrated in the desert climate.

5. **Portable Wi-Fi or Local SIM Card**: For easy access to maps, translation apps, and local information.

6. **Language**: While many in Saudi Arabia speak English, especially in urban areas and in business settings, having a translation app or a phrasebook can be helpful.

Remember, the key is to dress modestly and respect the local customs and traditions. Always err on the side of caution and prioritize modesty, especially when visiting religious or culturally significant sites.

Saudi Arabian cuisine is rich, flavorful, and deeply rooted in the country's traditions and customs. The dishes often feature a combination of spices, grains, vegetables, and meats, making them both delicious and hearty. Here's an overview of the country's culinary landscape:

1. **Staples**:

    - **Rice**: Central to many dishes, often flavored with saffron or turmeric.

    - **Lamb and Chicken**: Commonly used meats, either grilled, roasted, or stewed.

    - **Bread**: Various types are used, like "khubz" (flatbread) and "samoli" (a slightly sweet bread similar to a baguette).

2. **Popular Dishes**:

    - **Kabsa**: Often considered the national dish, it's a spiced rice dish typically served with lamb, chicken, fish, or shrimp.

    - **Mandi**: Another rice dish, similar to Kabsa but with distinct spices and usually cooked in a tandoor.

    - **Shawarma**: Thinly sliced cuts of meat, wrapped in a pita bread with garlic sauce, vegetables, and pickles.

    - **Mutabbaq**: A pastry stuffed with a variety of fillings, including meat or lentils.

    - **Haneeth**: Slow-roasted lamb or chicken dish, often served over rice.

    - **Jareesh**: Crushed wheat cooked until soft, sometimes with meat.

3. **Desserts**:

    - **Kunafa**: A pastry made from thin noodle-like pastry soaked in sweet syrup and layered with cheese or nuts.

    - **Basbousa**: A sweet cake made from semolina soaked in syrup.

    - **Dates**: Often stuffed with nuts or consumed plain, they're a significant part of Saudi culinary traditions.

    - **Falooda**: A dessert made from mixing rose syrup, vermicelli, and sweet basil seeds with milk and topped off with a scoop of ice cream.

4. **Drinks**:

    - **Gahwa (Arabic Coffee)**: A lightly roasted coffee, often flavored with cardamom and sometimes saffron. It's a symbol of hospitality and is typically served in small cups.

    - **Qamar al-Din**: A drink made from dried apricot.

    - **Mint Tea**: Popular throughout the region.

    - **Laban**: A buttermilk drink, sometimes flavored with cardamom.

5. **Eating Customs**:

    - Traditionally, meals are eaten on the floor around a communal plate, especially when having rice dishes.

    - The right hand is used for eating, as the left hand is considered unclean.

    - It's common to be served more than you can eat. It's a sign of generosity and hospitality.

    - Before and after meals, you may be offered perfumed water to wash your hands.

6. **Fasting and Festivals**:

    - During the month of **Ramadan**, Muslims fast from dawn until dusk. After sunset, the fast is broken with a meal called **iftar**, starting with dates and water, followed by a full meal that often includes soups, bread, rice, and meat dishes.

When in Saudi Arabia, it's a wonderful experience to try the local dishes, especially those made in a traditional setting or during festive times. The warmth of the local hospitality combined with the flavors of the cuisine is sure to make your culinary journey memorable.

In Saudi Arabia, Arabic is the official language. However, English is widely spoken, especially in urban areas and in business settings. The presence of expatriates from various countries in the oil industry and other sectors has contributed to the prominence of English as a secondary language.

Here are some points to consider regarding the use of English in Saudi Arabia:

1. **Education**: English is taught in schools from an early age, so many younger Saudis have a basic understanding of the language. Many also pursue higher education in English-speaking countries, which contributes to the proficiency in the language among the educated population.

2. **Business**: In the business sector, especially in multinational corporations and the oil industry, English is commonly used for communication. If you're attending business meetings or conferences, it's likely that many proceedings will be conducted in English.

3. **Healthcare**: In hospitals and clinics, especially in urban areas, you'll find that many medical professionals speak English, given that many of them have received training from Western countries.

4. **Tourism**: With Saudi Arabia's push towards tourism, there is an increasing number of English-speaking guides and staff in the hospitality industry. Information for tourists, including signs at major attractions, is often available in both Arabic and English.

5. **Expatriate Communities**: There's a significant expatriate community in Saudi Arabia from countries like India, the Philippines, the U.S., the UK, and other nations. These communities often use English as a common language for communication.

6. **Daily Life**: In everyday situations, especially outside of the main cities, it might be less common to encounter fluent English speakers. However, many will understand basic English or be able to point you to someone who speaks it better.

While English is relatively widespread, it's always a good gesture to learn a few basic Arabic phrases when traveling to Saudi Arabia. This can help in building rapport and shows respect for the local culture.

The local currency of Saudi Arabia is the Saudi Riyal, often denoted as SAR or SR. The riyal is further subdivided into 100 smaller units called halalas. Banknotes and coins of various denominations are in circulation. Banknotes commonly used are in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, and 500 riyals, while coins come in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 halalas, as well as a 1 riyal coin.

ATMs are widespread throughout the country, and credit cards are widely accepted in hotels, restaurants, and shops in urban areas. However, it's a good idea to carry some cash when traveling to more remote areas or for smaller purchases.

Saudi Arabia predominantly has a desert climate, which means it's generally hot during the day and cooler at night. The climate can vary somewhat based on the region:

1. **Central and Eastern Regions (Riyadh, Al-Khobar, Dammam)**:

   - **Summer (April to October)**: Extremely hot with daytime temperatures often exceeding 40°C (104°F). Nights are warmer but still can be quite hot.

   - **Winter (November to March)**: Mild to cool with daytime temperatures ranging between 14°C to 24°C (57°F to 75°F). Nights can be chilly, sometimes dropping to single digits.

2. **Western Region (Jeddah, Mecca, Medina)**:

   - This region, especially along the coast, tends to be more humid than the interior.

   - **Summer**: Hot and humid, with temperatures between 31°C to 38°C (88°F to 100°F).

   - **Winter**: Pleasantly warm with temperatures ranging from 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F).

3. **Southwestern Region (Abha, Taif)**:

   - Located in the Asir Mountains, this region has a cooler, semi-arid climate.

   - **Summer**: Moderate temperatures averaging around 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F).

   - **Winter**: Cooler with temperatures ranging between 8°C to 18°C (46°F to 64°F). 

4. **Northern Region**:

   - **Summer**: Extremely hot like the central region.

   - **Winter**: It can get quite cold, and temperatures can drop to freezing, especially in the desert areas.

5. **Empty Quarter (Rub' al Khali Desert)**:

   - One of the hottest and driest places on Earth. Temperatures can reach up to 50°C (122°F) during summer days.

Rainfall in Saudi Arabia is sparse, but when it does rain, it can be heavy, leading to flash floods. Sand and dust storms are also common, especially in the central and northern parts of the country.

If you're planning to visit, it's essential to take the climate into account, especially if you're traveling during the summer months when the heat can be extreme. Always stay hydrated, wear sunscreen, and dress in lightweight, breathable clothing.

1. No, the sale, consumption, and possession of alcohol are strictly prohibited in Saudi Arabia. Penalties for violating this prohibition are severe and can include fines, imprisonment, and even corporal punishment. Additionally, foreigners caught with alcohol can face deportation.
2. There have been recent discussions and speculations about Saudi Arabia potentially relaxing some of its regulations as part of its broader Vision 2030 initiative to promote tourism and diversify its economy. However, as of my last update in January 2022, alcohol remains illegal.
3. It's important for visitors to respect this law while in the country. Some expatriates or locals might produce homemade alcohol or access illicit sources, but getting involved in such activities poses significant risks.
4. However, Saudi Arabia does offer a range of non-alcoholic beverages that mimic the flavors of alcoholic drinks, such as non-alcoholic beers and wines. These are popular in the country and are widely available. Always be sure you're aware of and compliant with local laws and customs when traveling.

Tipping is common in Saudi Arabia, though it's not as strictly adhered to as in some Western countries. Here's a general guideline for tipping in various situations:

1. **Restaurants**: If a service charge isn't included in your bill, a tip of around 10-15% is appreciated. For smaller bills or in more casual eateries, rounding up the bill or leaving a few riyals can be enough.

2. **Taxis**: It's customary to round up the fare to the nearest 5 or 10 riyals. For longer journeys or particularly good service, you can tip a bit more.

3. **Hotel Staff**: For bellboys or porters, 5-10 riyals per bag is standard. Housekeeping can be tipped around 10-20 riyals per day or at the end of your stay.

4. **Tour Guides**: Depending on the quality of the service, you can tip anywhere from 50 to 100 riyals for a full day's tour.

5. **Hairdressers and Spa Services**: A tip of 10-15% of the total bill is customary if you're satisfied with the service.

6. **Delivery Services**: For food delivery or other similar services, a tip of 5-10 riyals is appreciated.

Always keep some small denominations handy for tipping, and remember that while it's appreciated, tipping isn't mandatory, and you should feel free to adjust based on the quality of service received. As with many countries, the practice of tipping is a way to show appreciation for good service. However, always be aware of local customs and be sensitive to situations where tipping might be inappropriate.

Country Code: +966

Dialing Instructions:

• From abroad to Saudi Arabia: +966 followed by the local number.
• Within Saudi Arabia: Just dial the local number.

Emergency Numbers:

• General Emergency: 999
• Police: 999
• Ambulance: 997
• Fire Brigade: 998
• Traffic Police: 993

Embassy Numbers: For specific embassy numbers, it's recommended to consult your country's foreign affairs website or contact the embassy directly. For U.S. citizens, the U.S. Embassy in Riyadh can be reached at +966 11 488 3800.

Holidays in Saudi Arabia:Saudi Arabia primarily observes Islamic holidays, which are based on the lunar calendar:

• Eid Al-Fitr: Celebrated at the conclusion of Ramadan, the month of fasting.
• Eid Al-Adha: Occurs approximately two months after Eid Al-Fitr and is associated with the Hajj pilgrimage.
• Saudi National Day: September 23, marking the establishment of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932.

Opening Times of Establishments:

• Banks: Usually open from 9 am to 4 pm, Sunday to Thursday.
• Government Offices: Typically operate from 7:30 am to 2:30 pm, Sunday to Thursday.
• Shops and Commercial Establishments: Often open from 9 am to 12 pm and then 4 pm to 9 pm. Times can vary, especially during Ramadan.
• Restaurants: Open from about 12 pm to 11 pm. Some stay open later, especially on weekends or during festive periods.

Prescription Medications: It's essential to carry a doctor's prescription when bringing medications into Saudi Arabia. Some substances allowed in other countries may be banned or considered controlled substances in Saudi Arabia.

Best Months to Visit: The period between November and February is the best as temperatures are cooler. However, always be prepared for desert temperature swings between day and night.

Dress Code:

• Men: While men don't have a strict dress code, it's advisable to wear long pants and avoid sleeveless shirts in public to show respect for local customs.
• Women: Foreign women are not required to wear an abaya (a loose black cloak) anymore, but dressing modestly is essential. It's advisable to wear clothes that cover the arms and legs. A headscarf (hijab) isn't mandatory but can be worn as a sign of respect, especially in more conservative areas or during religious events.

Food in Saudi Arabia:The cuisine is rich with dishes like Kabsa (a type of spiced rice with meat), Mandi (a rice dish with saffron and spices), Mutabbaq (a stuffed pastry), and Jareesh (a type of crushed wheat dish). Dates are a staple snack, and camel meat is also popular. Non-alcoholic versions of drinks like champagne and beer are available, known as "non-alcoholic" or "0%."

Tipping: Tipping is customary for good service in Saudi Arabia. In restaurants, a tip of around 10-15% is standard. For hotel service, bellboys, or drivers, a tip ranging from 5 to 20 Saudi Riyals is typical, depending on the service.

Travel Insurance: It's recommended for visitors to purchase travel insurance before visiting any foreign country, including Saudi Arabia. This ensures coverage for unexpected medical emergencies, trip cancellations, or other unforeseen events.

LGBTQ+ Travelers: Saudi Arabia has strict laws and cultural norms. Homosexual activity is illegal and can be subject to severe punishment. It's essential to be discrete and avoid public displays of affection.

Weather: Saudi Arabia has a desert climate, with high temperatures during the day and cooler nights. Winter months (December to February) are milder and more suitable for outdoor activities.

Stay After Day's Tour: There's no restriction on movement during the evening, but it's always a good idea to be aware of local customs and areas of the city you're in. Respect local customs, especially during prayer times.

Remember to always check the most recent travel advisories and guidelines from both your home country and the Saudi government before your trip. Safe travels!

Tanzania is generally considered safe for travelers. However, it is advisable to take common precautions such as avoiding isolated areas at night, using reputable tour operators, and keeping an eye on your belongings.

Essential items to pack include lightweight clothing, comfortable walking shoes, sun protection (hat, sunscreen), insect repellent, a reusable water bottle, and a camera for capturing the incredible wildlife and landscapes. Don't forget to bring any necessary medications and travel insurance information.

Tanzania has a varied climate due to its size and diverse geography. The coastal areas, including Zanzibar, have a tropical climate with high humidity, while the highlands experience cooler temperatures. The dry season (June to October) is generally the best time to visit for wildlife viewing, but different regions may have varying weather patterns.

Tanzanian cuisine is influenced by African, Arab, and Indian flavors. Staple dishes include Ugali (maize porridge), Nyama Choma (grilled meat), Pilau (spiced rice), and various stews and curries. Fresh seafood is abundant in coastal areas. Vegetarian and vegan options are also available, and international cuisine can be found in major cities and tourist areas.

Tanzania has legal restrictions on same-sex relationships, and public displays of affection are not widely accepted. LGBT+ travelers should be mindful of local attitudes and cultural sensitivities. It is recommended to exercise discretion and respect local laws and customs.

Accessible accommodations and facilities for travelers with disabilities may be limited in some areas of Tanzania. However, major cities and tourist destinations are gradually becoming more inclusive. It is advisable to contact hotels, tour operators, and transport providers in advance to ensure suitable arrangements can be made.

Tanzania can be a safe destination for women traveling alone. It is recommended to take standard precautions, such as avoiding walking alone at night, dressing modestly, and being aware of your surroundings. Joining organized tours or hiring local guides can enhance safety and provide valuable insights.

Most visitors to Tanzania need a visa, which can be obtained in advance or upon arrival. Check the requirements based on your nationality, and ensure your passport is valid for at least six months beyond your intended departure date. It is also advisable to have a copy of your passport and important travel documents.

Yes, certain vaccinations are recommended for travel to Tanzania. These may include vaccines for hepatitis A and B, typhoid, yellow fever, and meningitis. Consult with your healthcare provider or a travel health clinic well in advance of your trip to receive up-to-date information and recommendations.

Tanzania offers numerous attractions, including the Serengeti National Park, Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Mount Kilimanjaro, Zanzibar's beautiful beaches, Tarangire National Park, and Lake Manyara National Park. These destinations showcase incredible wildlife, stunning landscapes, and cultural heritage.

Absolutely! Tanzania is renowned for its incredible wildlife and is home to world-famous safari destinations such as the Serengeti, Ngorongoro Crater, and Selous Game Reserve. Safaris provide unforgettable opportunities to witness the "Big Five" (lion, elephant, buffalo, leopard, and rhinoceros) and other unique wildlife species in their natural habitats.

It is highly recommended to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies, trip cancellation, and personal belongings. Ensure your insurance includes activities such as safari tours and adventure activities. Read the policy details carefully to understand the coverage and exclusions.

What currency is used in Tanzania? Can I use credit cards or withdraw cash? A: The currency of Tanzania is the Tanzanian Shilling (TZS). While some hotels, restaurants, and larger establishments accept credit cards, it is advisable to carry some cash, especially for transactions in local markets and smaller establishments. ATMs are available in major cities and towns.

The official languages of Tanzania are Swahili and English. Swahili is widely spoken throughout the country, while English is commonly used in tourist areas, hotels, and by professionals in the tourism industry. Learning a few basic Swahili phrases can enhance your interactions with locals and show cultural appreciation.

Country Code: +255

Dialing Instructions:

• From abroad to Tanzania: +255 followed by the local number.
• Within Tanzania: Just dial the local number.

Emergency Numbers:

• Police: 112 or 999
• Ambulance: 112
• Fire Brigade: 112 or 117

Embassy Numbers: It's recommended to consult your country's foreign affairs website or contact the embassy directly. For U.S. citizens, the U.S. Embassy in Dar es Salaam can be reached at +255 22 229-4000.

Holidays in Tanzania:

• Union Day: April 26th
• Saba Saba (Industry Day): July 7th
• Nane Nane (Farmers' Day): August 8th
• Independence Day: December 9th
• Public Holidays: New Year’s Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha, Christmas Day, and Boxing Day. (Islamic holidays are based on the lunar calendar, so dates vary each year.)

Opening Times of Establishments:

• Banks: Usually open from 9 am to 3 pm, Monday to Friday.
• Government Offices: Typically operate from 7:30 am to 3:30 pm, Monday to Friday.
• Shops: Generally open from 8:30 am to 6 pm.
• Restaurants: Many open around 11 am and close late in the evening.

Prescription Medications: Always carry a doctor's prescription for any medications you bring into Tanzania. Check if your medication is legally allowed in the country.

Best Months to Visit: The best wildlife viewing months are during the dry season from late June to October. If you're aiming to visit Zanzibar's beaches, then January to February and June to October are ideal.

Dress Code:

• Men: Casual wear like shorts and t-shirts are generally acceptable, but it's respectful to wear long trousers in the evening or in more conservative areas.
• Women: It's advisable for women to wear dresses, skirts, or trousers that cover the knee, especially in rural areas or Zanzibar, which is predominantly Muslim. When visiting places of worship, covering the hair with a scarf might be required.

Food in Tanzania:Tanzanian cuisine offers dishes like Ugali (maize porridge), Nyama Choma (grilled meat), and a variety of stews. The coastal region and Zanzibar offer many seafood dishes, spiced with local flavors. Tanzania also has a selection of tropical fruits.

Tipping: Tipping for good service is customary. In restaurants, 5-10% of the bill is standard. For safari guides and porters on treks like Kilimanjaro, there are specific tipping guidelines which are good to research in advance.

Travel Insurance: Purchasing travel insurance is crucial when visiting Tanzania to cover unexpected medical emergencies, trip cancellations, or other unforeseen events.

LGBTQ+ Travelers: Homosexual activity is illegal in Tanzania and can carry severe penalties. Discretion and awareness of local laws and attitudes are essential.

Weather: Tanzania has a tropical climate. Coastal areas are hot and humid, while the central plateau tends to be cooler. There are two rainy seasons, the long rains from March to May and the short rains from November to January.

LGBTQ+ Travelers: Homosexual activities are illegal in Tanzania and can lead to imprisonment. Travelers should exercise caution and avoid public displays of affection.

Country's Time Zone: East Africa Time (EAT), UTC +3.

Electricity: The standard voltage is 230 V, and the frequency is 50 Hz. Tanzania uses the British-style plug (Type G). Travelers should bring a universal adapter if their devices use a different type of plug.

Always check recent travel advisories and guidelines from both your home country and the Tanzanian government before your trip. Safe travels!

Yes, most visitors require a visa to enter Türkiye. However, citizens of certain countries may be eligible for visa-free travel or can obtain an e-visa online before arrival.

Türkiye offers a wealth of attractions, including Istanbul with its historic sites, Cappadocia's unique landscapes, the ancient city of Ephesus, Pamukkale's stunning terraces, and the beautiful beaches of Antalya.

Türkiye is generally a safe destination for travellers. However, it's important to exercise caution and stay informed about any local security issues. It is advisable to follow travel advisories and stay aware of your surroundings.

No, absolutely not. Türkiye is quite liberal and guarantees the freedom for women to dress the way they wish. You will see locals that wear the hijab, as well as women who would not look out of place in a European city. It’s all about personal freedom at the end of the day.

Türkiye has its own unique customs and traditions. For example, it is polite to remove your shoes before entering someone's home, and it is customary to greet others with a handshake. Respect for elders is also highly valued.

It is generally not recommended to drink tap water in Turkey. It is safer to consume bottled water, which is readily available. Additionally, be cautious with consuming uncooked or unpeeled fruits and vegetables to prevent any stomach discomfort.

Türkiye's attitude toward the LGBTQ+ community can vary. While there is a LGBTQ+ presence, particularly in Istanbul, it is important to exercise discretion and be aware of the local social and cultural norms.

Türkiye is working towards improving accessibility for travelers with disabilities. However, accessibility standards may vary, and it is advisable to research specific accommodations and attractions in advance.Liquor stores will be closed across the country, but many restaurants and hotels’ bars can still serve alcohol (depending on the hotel’s policy).

Women traveling alone in Türkiye should take common-sense safety precautions, such as avoiding isolated areas at night and dressing modestly in conservative areas. It's also advisable to inform someone about your travel plans and stay in well-lit and populated areas.

For Men:

1. Lightweight and breathable clothing: Pack comfortable t-shirts, shirts, and shorts for the summer months, especially in coastal areas. For the cooler seasons, include long-sleeved shirts and pants.
2. Swimwear: If you plan to visit beaches or enjoy swimming, pack swim trunks.
3. Light jacket or sweater: Even in summer, evenings can be cooler, so having a light jacket or sweater is advisable.
4. Comfortable walking shoes: Bring a pair of comfortable shoes for walking and exploring, as you'll likely spend a lot of time sightseeing.
5. Sun hat and sunglasses: Protect yourself from the sun by packing a hat and sunglasses.
6. Travel adapter: Turkey uses Type F electrical outlets, so bring a suitable travel adapter for charging your devices.

For Women:

1. Modest clothing: As Turkey is a predominantly Muslim country, it's respectful to dress modestly, particularly when visiting religious sites. Pack lightweight, loose-fitting tops, long skirts, or pants.
2. Scarf or shawl: Carry a lightweight scarf or shawl to cover your shoulders or head when necessary, especially when visiting mosques.
3. Swimwear: If you plan to swim or visit beaches, bring appropriate swimwear, such as one-piece swimsuits or modest bikinis.
4. Comfortable walking shoes: Pack comfortable shoes for walking and sightseeing.
5. Sun hat and sunglasses: Shield yourself from the sun by bringing a hat and sunglasses.
6. Travel adapter: Ensure you have a suitable travel adapter (Type F) to charge your devices.

General Packing Tips:

1. Travel essentials: Don't forget your travel documents (passport, visa, etc.), insurance information, and a photocopy of important documents.
2. Weather-appropriate items: Check the weather forecast before your trip and pack accordingly. Consider bringing a compact umbrella for unexpected rain showers.
3. Toiletries and medications: Carry essential toiletries, including sunscreen, insect repellent, and any necessary medications.
4. Travel-sized items: Opt for travel-sized toiletries to save space in your luggage.
5. Day bag: Bring a small day bag or backpack to carry your essentials during day trips and city explorations.
6. Money and cards: Carry a mix of cash (in the local currency) and cards for convenience.

Turkish cuisine is renowned for its rich flavors, diverse ingredients, and culinary traditions influenced by Middle Eastern, Mediterranean, Balkan, and Central Asian cuisines. Here's an overview of the food in Turkey:

1. Kebabs: Turkey is famous for its kebabs, which are grilled or roasted meats served with rice, bread, or vegetables. Some popular kebabs include döner kebab (thinly sliced meat cooked on a vertical rotisserie), shish kebab (skewered meat), and adana kebab (spicy minced meat).
2. Meze: Meze refers to a selection of small dishes served as appetizers or as part of a shared meal. Common meze dishes include hummus, baba ghanoush (smoky eggplant dip), dolma (stuffed grape leaves), cacık (yogurt and cucumber dip), and various salads.
3. Lahmacun: Lahmacun is a thin and crispy flatbread topped with minced meat (usually lamb or beef), tomatoes, onions, and spices. It's often rolled up with fresh herbs and served as street food.
4. Pide: Pide is a boat-shaped flatbread topped with various ingredients such as cheese, ground meat, vegetables, or eggs. It's similar to pizza and is popular throughout Turkey.
5. Menemen: Menemen is a traditional Turkish breakfast dish made with sautéed onions, peppers, tomatoes, and scrambled eggs. It's often flavored with herbs and spices and served with bread.
6. Baklava: Baklava is a sweet pastry made with layers of thin filo dough filled with nuts (often pistachios or walnuts) and soaked in sweet syrup or honey. It's a popular dessert in Turkey.
7. Turkish Tea and Coffee: Turkish tea ("çay") and Turkish coffee ("Türk kahvesi") hold a special place in Turkish culture. Tea is served in small tulip-shaped glasses, while coffee is strong and often accompanied by a small glass of water.
8. Turkish Delight: Turkish delight, or "lokum," is a chewy and aromatic gel-like sweet treat often flavored with rosewater, lemon, pistachio, or other flavors. It's commonly enjoyed with tea or as a gift.
9. Pilav and Kuru Fasulye: Pilav refers to the Turkish-style rice, often flavored with spices and cooked with butter or oil. Kuru fasulye is a traditional bean stew made with white beans, tomatoes, onions, and spices. It's often served with rice and pickles.
10. Seafood: Being surrounded by seas, coastal regions of Turkey offer a wide variety of fresh seafood dishes, including grilled fish, octopus, shrimp, and calamari.

These are just a few highlights of Turkish cuisine. The food culture in Turkey is vast and varied, with each region having its own specialties and culinary traditions. Exploring local markets, restaurants, and street food stalls will allow you to indulge in the diverse flavors of Turkish cuisine.

Yes, English is taught at all local schools and is widely spoken in Türkiye especially in the cities, and tourist towns. English is the second language after Turkish.

The local currency in Turkey is the Turkish Lira (TRY). Currency exchange services and ATMs are widely available.Visitors to Jordan are required to fill a declaration form  and obtain the free QR code that shall be presented upon boarding.

Click here to fill out form and receive a QR code.

Türkiye has a diverse climate due to its geographical location, with varying weather conditions across different regions. Here's a general overview of the climate in Turkey:

1. Mediterranean Climate: The coastal regions of southwestern Turkey, including popular destinations like Antalya and Bodrum, have a Mediterranean climate. Summers are hot and dry, with temperatures often exceeding 30°C (86°F). Winters are mild and rainy, with temperatures ranging from 10-15°C (50-59°F).

2. Aegean Climate: Similar to the Mediterranean climate, the Aegean region, including cities like Izmir and Kusadasi, experiences hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. Temperatures in summer can reach 30-35°C (86-95°F), while winter temperatures range from 10-15°C (50-59°F).

3. Continental Climate: Central Anatolia, including cities like Ankara and Cappadocia, has a continental climate. Summers are hot and dry, with temperatures occasionally exceeding 35°C (95°F). Winters are cold and snowy, with temperatures dropping below freezing, often reaching -10°C (14°F) or lower.

4. Black Sea Climate: The northern coastal region along the Black Sea, including cities like Istanbul and Trabzon, has a temperate, humid climate. Summers are mild and relatively wet, with temperatures around 25-30°C (77-86°F). Winters are cool and rainy, with temperatures ranging from 5-10°C (41-50°F).

5. Eastern Anatolian Climate: The eastern part of Turkey, including cities like Van and Erzurum, has a harsher climate. Summers are short and mild, while winters are long, extremely cold, and snowy. Temperatures in winter can drop well below freezing, often reaching -20°C (-4°F) or lower.

It's important to note that these are generalizations, and regional variations can occur within each climate zone. Altitude and proximity to mountainous areas can also influence local weather patterns.

When planning your visit to Turkey, it's advisable to check the specific climate conditions for your intended destination and time of travel to pack accordingly and prepare for any variations in weather.dd an answer to this item.

1. Cultural sensitivities: While alcohol is available, it's important to respect local customs and cultural sensitivities, particularly in more conservative areas or during religious festivals.
2. Restricted areas: There are restrictions on the sale and consumption of alcohol in certain public areas, such as parks or near mosques. It's advisable to check for any local regulations or signage.
3. Ramadan: During the holy month of Ramadan, which is observed by Muslims, there may be more conservative practices regarding alcohol consumption. Some restaurants or bars may have limited alcohol service or be closed during fasting hours.
4. Non-Muslim tourist areas: In popular tourist areas, coastal resorts, and larger cities, alcohol consumption is generally more prevalent and accepted. These areas often have a vibrant nightlife scene with bars and clubs catering to both locals and tourists.

As with any travel destination, it's important to drink responsibly and be aware of your surroundings. If you have specific questions or concerns about alcohol consumption in a particular region or establishment in Turkey, it's advisable to ask locals or staff for guidance. an answer to this item.

Country Code: +90

Dialing Instructions:

• From abroad to Turkey: +90 followed by the local number.
• Within Turkey: Just dial the local number.

Emergency Numbers:

• Police: 155
• Ambulance: 112
• Fire Brigade: 110

Embassy Numbers: It's recommended to check with your country's foreign affairs website or contact the embassy directly. For U.S. citizens, the U.S. Embassy in Ankara can be reached at +90 312 455 5555.

Holidays in Turkey:

• National Sovereignty and Children's Day: April 23
• Labor and Solidarity Day: May 1
• Commemoration of Atatürk, Youth and Sports Day: May 19
• Democracy and National Unity Day: July 15
• Victory Day: August 30
• Republic Day: October 29
• Additionally, there are religious holidays like Ramadan Feast and Sacrifice Feast whose dates change based on the Islamic lunar calendar.

Opening Times of Establishments:

• Banks: Generally open from 9 am to 5 pm, Monday to Friday.
• Government Offices: Typically from 8:30 am to 5:30 pm, Monday to Friday.
• Shops: Usually open from 10 am to 10 pm.
• Restaurants: Many start around 11 am and can go until late at night.

Prescription Medications: Bring your doctor's prescription if you're carrying medications, and ensure your medicine is legal in Turkey.

Best Months to Visit: April, May, September, and October are pleasant months for travel as temperatures are moderate, and the crowds are less.

Dress Code:

• Men: Casual wear is acceptable in most places. When visiting mosques or religious sites, long pants are advised.
• Women: In major cities and tourist areas, contemporary fashion is the norm. However, it's respectful for women to wear attire that covers the knees and shoulders, especially when visiting mosques.

Food in Turkey:Turkish cuisine is diverse and flavorful. Common dishes include kebabs, mezes, baklava, and lokum (Turkish delight). Beverages like ayran (yogurt drink) and Turkish tea are popular.

Tipping: In restaurants, a tip of 5-10% is appreciated for good service. For taxi drivers, rounding up to the nearest whole amount is customary.

Travel Insurance: It's highly recommended for travelers to purchase travel insurance for unforeseen circumstances, including health emergencies or unexpected changes in plans.

LGBTQ+ Travelers: While homosexuality is legal in Turkey, it remains a taboo topic in many parts. Discretion is advised, especially in smaller towns and rural areas.

Weather: Turkey experiences diverse climates. The Aegean and Mediterranean coasts have mild winters and hot summers, while Istanbul has a temperate climate with cold, wet winters and warm, humid summers. The eastern part can be very cold in winter.

Country's Time Zone: Turkey Standard Time (TRT), UTC +3.

Electricity: The standard voltage is 220 V, and the frequency is 50 Hz. Turkey uses the European plug (Type C and Type F). Consider bringing a universal adapter if your devices use a different type of plug.

Always keep yourself updated with recent travel advisories and guidelines from both your home country and the Turkish government before setting out. Safe travels!